CovidPublicV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000129

Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures.

Identifieur interne : 000129 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000128; suivant : 000130

Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures.

Auteurs : Rachael Pung [Singapour] ; Calvin J. Chiew [Singapour] ; Barnaby E. Young [Singapour] ; Sarah Chin [Singapour] ; Mark I-C Chen [Singapour] ; Hannah E. Clapham [Singapour] ; Alex R. Cook [Singapour] ; Sebastian Maurer-Stroh [Singapour] ; Matthias P H S. Toh [Singapour] ; Cuiqin Poh [Singapour] ; Mabel Low [Singapour] ; Joshua Lum [Singapour] ; Valerie T J. Koh [Singapour] ; Tze M. Mak [Singapour] ; Lin Cui [Singapour] ; Raymond V T P. Lin [Singapour] ; Derrick Heng [Singapour] ; Yee-Sin Leo [Singapour] ; David C. Lye [Singapour] ; Vernon J M. Lee [Singapour]

Source :

Lancet (London, England) [ 1474-547X ] ; 2020.

RBID : pubmed:32192580

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Caractéristiques de l'habitat (MeSH), Congrès comme sujet (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (transmission), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Mâle (MeSH), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (transmission), Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie), Protection civile (MeSH), Prévention des infections (MeSH), Singapour (MeSH), Surveillance de la population (MeSH), Traçage des contacts (MeSH), Voyage (MeSH), Épidémies de maladies (MeSH).
MESH :
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Betacoronavirus, Caractéristiques de l'habitat, Congrès comme sujet, Femelle, Humains, Mâle, Pandémies, Protection civile, Prévention des infections, Singapour, Surveillance de la population, Traçage des contacts, Voyage, Épidémies de maladies.
Wicri :
- geographic : Singapour.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Civil Defense (MeSH), Congresses as Topic (MeSH), Contact Tracing (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (transmission), Disease Outbreaks (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Infection Control (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Pneumonia, Viral (transmission), Population Surveillance (MeSH), Residence Characteristics (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Singapore (MeSH), Travel (MeSH).
MESH :
- geographic : Singapore.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- transmission : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adult, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Civil Defense, Congresses as Topic, Contact Tracing, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Humans, Infection Control, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Population Surveillance, Residence Characteristics, SARS-CoV-2, Travel.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Three clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) linked to a tour group from China, a company conference, and a church were identified in Singapore in February, 2020.

METHODS

We gathered epidemiological and clinical data from individuals with confirmed COVID-19, via interviews and inpatient medical records, and we did field investigations to assess interactions and possible modes of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Open source reports were obtained for overseas cases. We reported the median (IQR) incubation period of SARS-CoV-2.

FINDINGS

As of Feb 15, 2020, 36 cases of COVID-19 were linked epidemiologically to the first three clusters of circumscribed local transmission in Singapore. 425 close contacts were quarantined. Direct or prolonged close contact was reported among affected individuals, although indirect transmission (eg, via fomites and shared food) could not be excluded. The median incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 was 4 days (IQR 3-6). The serial interval between transmission pairs ranged between 3 days and 8 days.

INTERPRETATION

SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible in community settings, and local clusters of COVID-19 are expected in countries with high travel volume from China before the lockdown of Wuhan and institution of travel restrictions. Enhanced surveillance and contact tracing is essential to minimise the risk of widespread transmission in the community.

FUNDING

None.

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30528-6
PubMed: 32192580
PubMed Central: PMC7269710

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Toh, Matthias P H S" sort="Toh, Matthias P H S" uniqKey="Toh M" first="Matthias P H S" last="Toh">Matthias P H S. Toh</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Clapham, Hannah E" sort="Clapham, Hannah E" uniqKey="Clapham H" first="Hannah E" last="Clapham">Hannah E. Clapham</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cook, Alex R" sort="Cook, Alex R" uniqKey="Cook A" first="Alex R" last="Cook">Alex R. Cook</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore; National University of Singapore and National University Health System</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Maurer Stroh, Sebastian" sort="Maurer Stroh, Sebastian" uniqKey="Maurer Stroh S" first="Sebastian" last="Maurer-Stroh">Sebastian Maurer-Stroh</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Toh, Matthias P H S" sort="Toh, Matthias P H S" uniqKey="Toh M" first="Matthias P H S" last="Toh">Matthias P H S. Toh</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Public Health and Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>National Centre for Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Poh, Cuiqin" sort="Poh, Cuiqin" uniqKey="Poh C" first="Cuiqin" last="Poh">Cuiqin Poh</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Low, Mabel" sort="Low, Mabel" uniqKey="Low M" first="Mabel" last="Low">Mabel Low</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Lum, Joshua" sort="Lum, Joshua" uniqKey="Lum J" first="Joshua" last="Lum">Joshua Lum</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Koh, Valerie T J" sort="Koh, Valerie T J" uniqKey="Koh V" first="Valerie T J" last="Koh">Valerie T J. Koh</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Mak, Tze M" sort="Mak, Tze M" uniqKey="Mak T" first="Tze M" last="Mak">Tze M. Mak</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>National Centre for Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Cui, Lin" sort="Cui, Lin" uniqKey="Cui L" first="Lin" last="Cui">Lin Cui</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>National Centre for Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Lin, Raymond V T P" sort="Lin, Raymond V T P" uniqKey="Lin R" first="Raymond V T P" last="Lin">Raymond V T P. Lin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>National Centre for Infectious Diseases</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heng, Derrick" sort="Heng, Derrick" uniqKey="Heng D" first="Derrick" last="Heng">Derrick Heng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leo, Yee Sin" sort="Leo, Yee Sin" uniqKey="Leo Y" first="Yee-Sin" last="Leo">Yee-Sin Leo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lye, David C" sort="Lye, David C" uniqKey="Lye D" first="David C" last="Lye">David C. Lye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Vernon J M" sort="Lee, Vernon J M" uniqKey="Lee V" first="Vernon J M" last="Lee">Vernon J M. Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore. Electronic address: vernon_lee@moh.gov.sg.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Lancet (London, England)</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1474-547X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Civil Defense (MeSH)</term>
<term>Congresses as Topic (MeSH)</term>
<term>Contact Tracing (MeSH)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term>
<term>Disease Outbreaks (MeSH)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Infection Control (MeSH)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (transmission)</term>
<term>Population Surveillance (MeSH)</term>
<term>Residence Characteristics (MeSH)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Singapore (MeSH)</term>
<term>Travel (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term>
<term>Caractéristiques de l'habitat (MeSH)</term>
<term>Congrès comme sujet (MeSH)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (transmission)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (transmission)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Protection civile (MeSH)</term>
<term>Prévention des infections (MeSH)</term>
<term>Singapour (MeSH)</term>
<term>Surveillance de la population (MeSH)</term>
<term>Traçage des contacts (MeSH)</term>
<term>Voyage (MeSH)</term>
<term>Épidémies de maladies (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Singapore</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>COVID-19</term>
<term>Civil Defense</term>
<term>Congresses as Topic</term>
<term>Contact Tracing</term>
<term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Infection Control</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
<term>Population Surveillance</term>
<term>Residence Characteristics</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
<term>Travel</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>Caractéristiques de l'habitat</term>
<term>Congrès comme sujet</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Pandémies</term>
<term>Protection civile</term>
<term>Prévention des infections</term>
<term>Singapour</term>
<term>Surveillance de la population</term>
<term>Traçage des contacts</term>
<term>Voyage</term>
<term>Épidémies de maladies</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Singapour</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>
</p>
<p>Three clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) linked to a tour group from China, a company conference, and a church were identified in Singapore in February, 2020.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>We gathered epidemiological and clinical data from individuals with confirmed COVID-19, via interviews and inpatient medical records, and we did field investigations to assess interactions and possible modes of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Open source reports were obtained for overseas cases. We reported the median (IQR) incubation period of SARS-CoV-2.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>FINDINGS</b>
</p>
<p>As of Feb 15, 2020, 36 cases of COVID-19 were linked epidemiologically to the first three clusters of circumscribed local transmission in Singapore. 425 close contacts were quarantined. Direct or prolonged close contact was reported among affected individuals, although indirect transmission (eg, via fomites and shared food) could not be excluded. The median incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 was 4 days (IQR 3-6). The serial interval between transmission pairs ranged between 3 days and 8 days.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>INTERPRETATION</b>
</p>
<p>SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible in community settings, and local clusters of COVID-19 are expected in countries with high travel volume from China before the lockdown of Wuhan and institution of travel restrictions. Enhanced surveillance and contact tracing is essential to minimise the risk of widespread transmission in the community.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>FUNDING</b>
</p>
<p>None.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32192580</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1474-547X</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>395</Volume>
<Issue>10229</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Lancet (London, England)</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Lancet</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>1039-1046</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0140-6736(20)30528-6</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30528-6</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Three clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) linked to a tour group from China, a company conference, and a church were identified in Singapore in February, 2020.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS">We gathered epidemiological and clinical data from individuals with confirmed COVID-19, via interviews and inpatient medical records, and we did field investigations to assess interactions and possible modes of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Open source reports were obtained for overseas cases. We reported the median (IQR) incubation period of SARS-CoV-2.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="FINDINGS">As of Feb 15, 2020, 36 cases of COVID-19 were linked epidemiologically to the first three clusters of circumscribed local transmission in Singapore. 425 close contacts were quarantined. Direct or prolonged close contact was reported among affected individuals, although indirect transmission (eg, via fomites and shared food) could not be excluded. The median incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 was 4 days (IQR 3-6). The serial interval between transmission pairs ranged between 3 days and 8 days.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="INTERPRETATION">SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible in community settings, and local clusters of COVID-19 are expected in countries with high travel volume from China before the lockdown of Wuhan and institution of travel restrictions. Enhanced surveillance and contact tracing is essential to minimise the risk of widespread transmission in the community.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="FUNDING">None.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pung</LastName>
<ForeName>Rachael</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chiew</LastName>
<ForeName>Calvin J</ForeName>
<Initials>CJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Young</LastName>
<ForeName>Barnaby E</ForeName>
<Initials>BE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore. Electronic address: barnaby_young@ncid.sg.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chin</LastName>
<ForeName>Sarah</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName>
<ForeName>Mark I-C</ForeName>
<Initials>MI</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Clapham</LastName>
<ForeName>Hannah E</ForeName>
<Initials>HE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore; National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cook</LastName>
<ForeName>Alex R</ForeName>
<Initials>AR</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore; National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maurer-Stroh</LastName>
<ForeName>Sebastian</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Toh</LastName>
<ForeName>Matthias P H S</ForeName>
<Initials>MPHS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Public Health and Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poh</LastName>
<ForeName>Cuiqin</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Low</LastName>
<ForeName>Mabel</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lum</LastName>
<ForeName>Joshua</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koh</LastName>
<ForeName>Valerie T J</ForeName>
<Initials>VTJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mak</LastName>
<ForeName>Tze M</ForeName>
<Initials>TM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cui</LastName>
<ForeName>Lin</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lin</LastName>
<ForeName>Raymond V T P</ForeName>
<Initials>RVTP</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heng</LastName>
<ForeName>Derrick</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leo</LastName>
<ForeName>Yee-Sin</ForeName>
<Initials>YS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lye</LastName>
<ForeName>David C</ForeName>
<Initials>DC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName>
<ForeName>Vernon J M</ForeName>
<Initials>VJM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore. Electronic address: vernon_lee@moh.gov.sg.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>Singapore 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Research Team</CollectiveName>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>Lancet</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>2985213R</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0140-6736</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName>
<SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName>
</SupplMeshList>
<CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002959" MajorTopicYN="N">Civil Defense</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003226" MajorTopicYN="N">Congresses as Topic</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016358" MajorTopicYN="Y">Contact Tracing</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004196" MajorTopicYN="Y">Disease Outbreaks</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017053" MajorTopicYN="N">Infection Control</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000635" MajorTopicYN="N">transmission</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011159" MajorTopicYN="Y">Population Surveillance</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012111" MajorTopicYN="N">Residence Characteristics</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012846" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Singapore</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014195" MajorTopicYN="N">Travel</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<InvestigatorList><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kam</LastName>
<ForeName>Kai-Qian</ForeName>
<Initials>KQ</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kalimuddin</LastName>
<ForeName>Shirin</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tan</LastName>
<ForeName>Seow Yen</ForeName>
<Initials>SY</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loh</LastName>
<ForeName>Jiashen</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thoon</LastName>
<ForeName>Koh Cheng</ForeName>
<Initials>KC</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vasoo</LastName>
<ForeName>Shawn</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khong</LastName>
<ForeName>Wei Xin</ForeName>
<Initials>WX</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Suhaimi</LastName>
<ForeName>Nur-Afidah</ForeName>
<Initials>NA</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName>
<ForeName>Sherlynn Jh</ForeName>
<Initials>SJ</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName>
<ForeName>Emma</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oh</LastName>
<ForeName>Olivia</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ty</LastName>
<ForeName>Albert</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tow</LastName>
<ForeName>Charlene</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chua</LastName>
<ForeName>Yi Xian</ForeName>
<Initials>YX</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chaw</LastName>
<ForeName>Wei Liang</ForeName>
<Initials>WL</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ng</LastName>
<ForeName>Yixiang</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdul-Rahman</LastName>
<ForeName>Farid</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sahib</LastName>
<ForeName>Shafiq</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName>
<ForeName>Zheng</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tang</LastName>
<ForeName>Cheryl</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Low</LastName>
<ForeName>Constance</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goh</LastName>
<ForeName>Ee Hui</ForeName>
<Initials>EH</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lim</LastName>
<ForeName>Georgina</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hou</LastName>
<ForeName>Yan'an</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roshan</LastName>
<ForeName>Imran</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tan</LastName>
<ForeName>James</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Foo</LastName>
<ForeName>Kelly</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nandar</LastName>
<ForeName>Khine</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kurupatham</LastName>
<ForeName>Lalitha</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName>
<ForeName>Pei Pei</ForeName>
<Initials>PP</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raj</LastName>
<ForeName>Pream</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lin</LastName>
<ForeName>Yijun</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Said</LastName>
<ForeName>Zubaidah</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName>
<ForeName>Anne</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>See</LastName>
<ForeName>Cherie</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Markose</LastName>
<ForeName>Jessey</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tan</LastName>
<ForeName>Joanna</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName>
<ForeName>Guanhao</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>See</LastName>
<ForeName>Wanhan</ForeName>
<Initials>W</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peh</LastName>
<ForeName>Xinyi</ForeName>
<Initials>X</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cai</LastName>
<ForeName>Vincent</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName>
<ForeName>Wen Kai</ForeName>
<Initials>WK</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName>
<ForeName>Zongbin</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soo</LastName>
<ForeName>Roy</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chow</LastName>
<ForeName>Angela Lp</ForeName>
<Initials>AL</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wei</LastName>
<ForeName>Wycliffe</ForeName>
<Initials>W</Initials>
</Investigator>
<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Farwin</LastName>
<ForeName>Aysha</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
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<Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ang</LastName>
<ForeName>Li Wei</ForeName>
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<ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):514-523</Citation>
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</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Euro Surveill. 2020 Feb;25(5):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32046819</ArticleId>
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</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Mar 4;:</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32129805</ArticleId>
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<Reference><Citation>Ann Intern Med. 2020 May 5;172(9):577-582</Citation>
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<name sortKey="Cook, Alex R" sort="Cook, Alex R" uniqKey="Cook A" first="Alex R" last="Cook">Alex R. Cook</name>
<name sortKey="Cui, Lin" sort="Cui, Lin" uniqKey="Cui L" first="Lin" last="Cui">Lin Cui</name>
<name sortKey="Heng, Derrick" sort="Heng, Derrick" uniqKey="Heng D" first="Derrick" last="Heng">Derrick Heng</name>
<name sortKey="Koh, Valerie T J" sort="Koh, Valerie T J" uniqKey="Koh V" first="Valerie T J" last="Koh">Valerie T J. Koh</name>
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<name sortKey="Lin, Raymond V T P" sort="Lin, Raymond V T P" uniqKey="Lin R" first="Raymond V T P" last="Lin">Raymond V T P. Lin</name>
<name sortKey="Low, Mabel" sort="Low, Mabel" uniqKey="Low M" first="Mabel" last="Low">Mabel Low</name>
<name sortKey="Lum, Joshua" sort="Lum, Joshua" uniqKey="Lum J" first="Joshua" last="Lum">Joshua Lum</name>
<name sortKey="Lye, David C" sort="Lye, David C" uniqKey="Lye D" first="David C" last="Lye">David C. Lye</name>
<name sortKey="Mak, Tze M" sort="Mak, Tze M" uniqKey="Mak T" first="Tze M" last="Mak">Tze M. Mak</name>
<name sortKey="Maurer Stroh, Sebastian" sort="Maurer Stroh, Sebastian" uniqKey="Maurer Stroh S" first="Sebastian" last="Maurer-Stroh">Sebastian Maurer-Stroh</name>
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<name sortKey="Toh, Matthias P H S" sort="Toh, Matthias P H S" uniqKey="Toh M" first="Matthias P H S" last="Toh">Matthias P H S. Toh</name>
<name sortKey="Young, Barnaby E" sort="Young, Barnaby E" uniqKey="Young B" first="Barnaby E" last="Young">Barnaby E. Young</name>
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Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures.

Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures.

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